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A general description is here.
The ‘\donttest’ sections of R's help files can be tested by ‘make check TEST_DONTTEST=TRUE’ .
(Windows.) Installation using external binary distributions of ‘zlib’, ‘bzip’, ‘liblzma’, ‘pcre’, ‘libpng’, ‘jpeglib’ and ‘libtiff’ is now preferred and likely to become the only way before release.
‘R CMD check’ now checks the packages used in ‘\donttest’ sections of the examples. (These will be needed to run the examples interactively.)
The ‘configure’ option ‘--with-valgrind-instrumentation=3’ is deprecated and will be removed in R 3.2.0.