This blog is updated daily.
A general description is here.
‘as.integer(rl)’ and hence ‘as.raw(rl)’ now work for a ‘list’ of ‘raw(1)’ elements, as proposed by Michael Chirico's PR#18696.
‘graphics’' ‘grid()’ gains optional argument ‘nintLog’.
New functions ‘check_package_urls()’ and ‘check_package_dois()’ in package ‘tools’ for checking URLs and DOIs in package sources.
New ‘head()’ and ‘tail()’ methods for class ‘"ts"’ time series, proposed by Spencer Graves on R-devel.
New ‘qr.influence()’ function, a “bare bones” interface to the ‘lm.influence()’ leave-one-out diagnostics computations; wished for in PR#18739.
Package ‘citation()’ results auto-generated from the package metadata now also provide package DOIs for CRAN and Bioconductor packages.
New function ‘grepv()’ identical to ‘grep()’ except for the default ‘value = TRUE’.
‘methods(<pkg>:::<genfun>)’ now does report methods when neither the generic nor the methods have been exported.
‘pdf()’ gains an ‘author’ argument to set the corresponding metadata field, and logical arguments ‘timestamp’ and ‘producer’ to optionally omit the respective metadata. (Thanks to Edzer Pebesma.)
‘grDevices::glyphInfo()’ gains a ‘rot’ argument to allow per-glyph rotation. (Thanks to Daniel Sabanes Bove.)
Package ‘tools’ now exports functions ‘CRAN_current_db()’, ‘CRAN_aliases_db()’, ‘CRAN_rdxrefs_db()’, ‘CRAN_archive_db()’, and ‘CRAN_authors_db()’.
Package ‘tools’ now exports functions ‘R()’ and ‘parse_URI_reference()’.
Package ‘tools’ now exports functions ‘base_aliases_db()’ and ‘base_rdxrefs_db()’.
It is now possible to set the background color for row and column names in the data editor on Windows (‘Rgui’).
‘Rterm’ on Windows now accepts input lines of unlimited length.
‘file.info()’ on Windows now provides file owner name and domain.
‘Sys.info()’ on Windows now provides current user domain.
‘findInterval()’ gets new arguments ‘checkSorted’ and ‘checkNA’ which allow skipping relatively costly checks; related to PR#16567.
‘pnorm(x)’ underflows more gracefully.
‘get(nam, env)’ now signals a _classed_ error, ‘"getMissingError"’, as “subclass” of ‘"missingArgError"’ where the latter is used also in similar situations, e.g., ‘f <- function(x) exp(x); try(f())’ .
The set operations now avoid the ‘as.vector()’ transformation for same-kind apparently vector-like operands.
‘md5sum()’ can be used to compute an MD5 hash of a raw vector of bytes by using the ‘bytes=’ argument instead of ‘files=’. The two arguments are mutually exclusive.
Added function ‘sha256sum()’ in package ‘tools’ analogous to ‘md5sum()’ implementing the SHA-256 hashing algorithm.
The ‘xtfrm()’ method for class ‘"AsIs"’ is now considerably faster thanks to a patch provided by Ivan Krylov.
The ‘merge()’ method for data frames will no longer convert row names used for indexing using ‘I()’, which will lead to faster execution in cases where ‘sort = TRUE’ and ‘all.x’ and/or ‘all.y’ are set to ‘TRUE’.
The ‘methods’ package internal function ‘.requirePackage()’ now calls ‘requireNamespace(p)’ instead of ‘require(p)’, hence no longer adding packages to the ‘search()’ path in cases methods or class definitions are needed. Consequently, previous workflows relying on the old behaviour will have to be amended by adding corresponding ‘library(p)’ calls.
More R-level messages use a common format containing ‘"character string"’ for more consistency and less translation work.
‘available.packages()’ and ‘install.packages()’ get an optional switch ‘cache_user_dir’, somewhat experimentally.
The ‘sunspot.month’ data have been updated to Oct 2024; because of recalibration also historical numbers are changed, and we keep the previous data as ‘sunspot.m2014’ for reproducibility.
The ‘quartz()’ device now supports alpha masks. Thanks to George Stagg, Gwynn Gebeyhu, Heather Turner, and Tomek Gieorgijewski.
The ‘print()’ method for date-time objects (‘POSIX.t’) gets an optional ‘digits’ argument for _fractional_ seconds, passed to improved ‘format.POSIXlt()’; consequently, ‘print(<date.time>, digits = n)’ allows to print fractions of seconds.
‘install.packages()’ and ‘download.packages()’ download packages simultaneously using ‘libcurl’, significantly reducing download times when installing or downloading multiple packages.
Status reporting in ‘download.file()’ has been extended to report the outcome for individual files in simultaneous downloads.
The Rd \link macro now allows markup in the link text when the topic is given by the optional argument, e.g., ‘\link[=gamma]{\eqn{\Gamma(x)}}’.
If ‘La_library()’ is empty, ‘sessionInfo()’ still reports ‘La_version()’ when available.
‘seq.int(from, to, by, ....)’ when |by| = 1 now behaves as if ‘by’ was omitted, and hence returns ‘from:to’, possibly integer.
‘seq.Date(from, to, by, ....)’ and ‘seq.POSIXt(..)’ now also work when ‘from’ is missing and sufficient further arguments are provided, thanks to Michael Chirico's report, patch proposal in PR#17672 and ‘R Dev Day’ contributions.
The ‘Date’ method also works for ‘seq(from, to)’, when ‘by’ is missing and now defaults to ‘"1 days"’.
It is now documented (and tested) that the ‘by’ string may be _abbreviated_ in both ‘seq’ methods.
Both methods return or keep internal type ‘"integer"’ more consistently now. Also, ‘as.POSIXct({})’ is internally integer.
‘duplicated()’, ‘unique()’, and ‘anyDuplicated()’ now also work for class ‘expression’ vectors.
New function ‘use()’ to use packages in R scripts with full control over what gets added to the search path. (Actually already available since R 4.4.0.)
There is some support for ‘zstd’ compression of tarballs in ‘tar()’ and ‘untar()’. (This depends on OS support of ‘libzstd’ or by ‘tar’.)
‘print(summary(<numbers>))’ gets new optional argument ‘zdigits’ to allow more flexible and consistent (double) rounding. The current default ‘zdigits = 4L’ is somewhat experimental. Specifying both ‘digits = *, zdigits = *’ allows behaviour independent of the global ‘digits’ option.
The ‘format()’ method for ‘"difftime"’ objects gets a new back compatible option ‘with.units’.
A ‘summary()’ method for ‘"difftime"’ objects which prints nicely, similar to those for ‘"Date"’ and ‘"POSIXct"’.
‘unique()’'s default method now also deals with ‘"difftime"’ objects.
‘optimize(f, *)’ when ‘f(x)’ is not finite says more about the value in its ‘warning’ message. It no longer replaces ‘-Inf’ by the largest _positive_ finite number.
The documentation of ‘gamma()’ and ‘is.numeric()’ is more specific, thanks to the contributors of PR#18677.
New dataset ‘gait’ thanks to Heather Turner and Ella Kaye, used in examples.
New datasets ‘penguins’ and ‘penguins_raw’ thanks to Ella Kaye, Heather Turner, and Kristen Gorman.
The bundled BLAS and LAPACK sources have been updated to those shipped as part of January 2025's LAPACK 3.12.1.
It is intended that this will be the last update to BLAS and LAPACK in the R sources. Those building R from source are encouraged to use external BLAS and LAPACK and this will be required in future.
This update was mainly bug fixes but contained a barely documented major change. The set of BLAS routines has been unchanged since 1988, so throughout R's history. This update introduced new BLAS routines ‘dgemmtr’ and ‘zgemmtr’ which are now used by LAPACK routines. This means that BLAS implementations are no longer interchangeable.
To work around this, R can be configured with option ‘--with-2025blas’ which arranges for the 2025 BLAS additions to be compiled into ‘libRlapack’ (the internal LAPACK, not built if an external LAPACK is used).
This option allows the continuation of the practice of swapping the BLAS in use by symlinking ‘lib/libRblas.*’. It has the disadvantage of using the reference BLAS version of the 2025 routines whereas an enhanced BLAS might have an optimized version (OpenBLAS does as from version 0.3.29).
Windows builds currently use the internal LAPACK and by default the internal BLAS: notes on how to swap the latter _via_ ‘Rblas.dll’ are in file ‘src/extra/blas/Makefile.win’.
A C23 compiler (if available) is now selected by default for compilation of R and packages. R builds can opt out _via_ the ‘configure’ flag ‘--without-C23’, unless the specified or default (usually ‘gcc’) compiler defaults to C23: ‘gcc’ 15 does.
A C23 compiler is known to be selected with ‘gcc’ 13-15 (as used on Windows), LLVM ‘clang’ 18-20 (and 15 should), Apple ‘clang’ 15-16 and Intel 2024.2 (and 2022.2 should).
Current binary distributions on macOS use Apple ‘clang’ 14 and so do not use C23.
The minimum ‘autoconf’ requirement for a maintainer build has been increased to ‘autoconf’ 2.72.
Building the HTML and Info versions of the R manuals now requires ‘texi2any’ from Texinfo 6.1 or later.
Failures in building the manuals under ‘doc’ now abort the installation, removing any file which caused the failure.
Control of symbol visibility is now supported on macOS (the previous check only worked on ELF platforms).
There is now support for installing the debug symbols for recommended packages on macOS: see ‘REC_INSTALL_OPT’ in file ‘config.site’.
‘configure’ is now able to find an external ‘libintl’ on macOS (the code from an older GNU gettext distribution failed to try linking with the macOS Core Foundation framework).
Both building R and installing packages use the C compiler in C23 mode.
‘is.R()’ is defunct. Environment variable ‘_R_DEPRECATED_IS_R_’ no longer has any effect.
Deprecated (for more than 9 years!) functions ‘linearizeMlist’, ‘listFromMlist’, and ‘showMlist’ and the ‘"MethodsList"’ class for S4 method handling were removed from package ‘methods’. Deprecated functions ‘balanceMethodsList’, ‘emptyMethodsList’, ‘inheritedSubMethodLists’, ‘insertMethod’, ‘insertMethodInEmptyList’, ‘makeMethodsList’, ‘mergeMethods’, ‘MethodsList’, ‘MethodsListSelect’, and ‘SignatureMethod’ were made defunct, as were the ‘"MethodsList"’ branches of functions ‘assignMethodsMetaData’, ‘finalDefaultMethod’, and ‘MethodAddCoerce’.
‘getMethods(*, table = TRUE)’ is deprecated.
Building with the bundled (and old) version of ‘libintl’ is deprecated and now gives a ‘configure’ warning. This should be selected only if neither the OS's ‘libc’ (as on GNU Linux) nor an external ‘libintl’ library (as on Alpine Linux) provide suitable functions.
Instead install ‘libintl’ from a recent version of GNU gettext or use ‘configure’ option ‘--disable-nls’.
The deprecated ‘xfig()’ graphics device has been removed.
Packages are now installed using C23 where supported by the OS and R build.
Packages using R's compiler settings can ask *not* to use C23 _via_ including ‘USE_C17’ in ‘SystemRequirements’ or can be installed by ‘R CMD INSTALL --use-C17’. (Some packages ignore these settings in their ‘configure’ script or when compiling in sub-directories of ‘src’, as will those using a ‘src/Makefile’.)
Source installs now report the package version in the log.
There is preliminary support for C++26 with GCC >= 14, Apple ‘clang++’ >= 16 and LLVM ‘clang++’ >= 17.
The non-API and hidden entry points ‘Rf_setIVector’, ‘Rf_setRVector’ and ‘Rf_setSVector’ have been removed.
The internal code for changing the parent of an environment now signals an error if the new parent is not an environment or if the change would create a cycle in the parent chain.
‘SET_TYPEOF’ now signals an error unless the old and new types have compatible memory structure and content. Use of ‘SET_TYPE’ in package C code should be avoided and may be deprecated in the near future. It is better to allocate an object of the desired type in the first place.
The set of LAPACK (double and complex) routines declared in the headers ‘R_ext/Lapack.h’ and ‘R_ext/Applic.h’ has been extended, mostly to routines actually in use by packages.
Memory allocation messages now use the (non-SI notation) ‘"Mb"’, ‘"Gb"’ , ..., and ‘"Mbytes"’ strings as _arguments_ instead of as part of the (translatable format) string. This is one step for PR#18297; from Henrik Bengtsson.
Header ‘R_ext/Constants.h’ (included by ‘R.h’) now always includes header ‘float.h’ or ‘cfloat’ for constants such as ‘DBL_MAX’.
Strict R headers are now the default. This removes the legacy definitions of ‘PI’, ‘Calloc’, ‘Realloc’ and ‘Free’: use ‘M_PI’, ‘R_Calloc’, ‘R_Realloc’ or ‘R_Free’ instead.
The deprecated and seemingly never-used S-compatibility macros ‘F77_COM’ and ‘F77_COMDECL’ have been removed from header ‘R_ext/RS.h’.
The ‘enum’ ‘Rboolean’ defined in header ‘R_ext/Boolean.h’ now has a fixed underlying type of ‘int’ on platforms whose C compiler supports this.
This is a C23 feature (taken from C++11) and also supported in all C standards by some versions of ‘clang’ (from LLVM and Apple) and (with a warning when using ‘-pedantic’) by GCC when in C17 mode.
A fair amount of code has assumed this: it may be changed to a smaller type in future. In particular, as standard compilers do not check the validity of assignment to an ‘enum’, it has been possible to assign ‘NA_INTEGER’ to an ‘Rboolean’ variable, coerce it to ‘int’ and recover the value.
If there were a platform which used an underlying type of a different size this would be an ABI-breaking change (but we are unaware of any such platform).
Header ‘R_ext/Boolean.h’ now ensures that a ‘bool’ type is available either as a keyword (C23 and C++) or by including the C99 header ‘stdbool.h’. This is being used internally in R to replace ‘Rboolean’ by ‘bool’.
There are a new functions ‘asRboolean’ and ‘asBool’, variants of ‘asLogical’ more suited to converting logical arguments to ‘Rboolean’ or to ‘bool’. They require a length-one input and throw an error if that evaluates to ‘NA’.
Header ‘R_exts/Error.h’ now ensures that ‘Rf_error’ and similar are given a ‘noreturn’ attribute when used from C++ under all compilers.
Header ‘R_exts/Utils.h’ no longer contains a declaration for ‘77_SUB(interv)’. This is intended to be called from Fortran and was wrongly declared: ‘LOGICAL’ in Fortran corresponds to ‘int *’ not ‘Rboolean *’.
The ‘Writing R Extensions’ Texinfo source now contains very experimental annotations for more clearly identifying the API status of C entry points. These annotations are used to produce indices for API, experimental API, and embedded API entry points in the rendered versions. This is very preliminary and may be dropped if a better approach emerges.
Also now for Fortran-callable entry points which are part of the API.
‘Writing R Extensions’ has a new section ‘Moving into C API compliance’ to help package authors move away from using non-API endpoints. This section will continue to be updated as work on clarifying and tightening the C API continues.
New API function ‘R_mkClosure’. This checks that its arguments are valid and should be used instead of ‘allocSExp(CLOSXP’ followed by ‘SET_FORMALS’, ‘SET_BODY’, and ‘SET_CLOENV’.
New API functions ‘R_ClosureFormals’, ‘R_ClosureBody’, and ‘R_ClosureEnv’ for extracting closure components. The existing functions ‘R_ClosureExpr’ and ‘R_BytecodeExpr’ have also been added to the API.
New API function ‘R_ParentEnv’ corresponding to R's ‘parent.env()’.
Further non-API entry points have been added to those reported by ‘R CMD check’: ‘COMPLEX0’, ‘ddfind’, ‘DDVAL’, ‘ENSURE_NAMEDMAX’, ‘ENVFLAGS’, ‘FRAME’, ‘HASHTAB’, ‘INTERNAL’, ‘IS_ASCII’, ‘IS_UTF8’, ‘LEVELS’, ‘NAMED’, ‘PRSEEN’, ‘RDEBUG’, ‘REAL0’, ‘Rf_findVarInFrame3’, ‘SET_BODY’, ‘SET_CLOENV’, ‘SET_FORMALS’, ‘SET_PRSEEN’, ‘SET_RDEBUG’, ‘STRING_PTR’, ‘SYMVALUE’, and ‘VECTOR_PTR’. Any declarations for these in public header files will be removed in the near future, and they will be hidden where possible.
Some ‘R CMD check’ ‘NOTE’s on the use of non-API entry points have been upgraded to ‘WARNING’s in preparation for removing declarations and, where possible, hiding these entry points.
Additional non-API entry points have been added to those reported by ‘R CMD check’: ‘IS_LONG_VEC’, ‘PRCODE’, ‘PRENV’, ‘PRVALUE’, ‘R_nchar’, ‘Rf_NonNullStringMatch’, ‘R_shallow_duplicate_attr’, ‘Rf_StringBlank’, ‘SET_TYPEOF’, ‘TRUELENGTH’, ‘XLENGTH_EX’, and ‘XTRUELENGTH’.
Enable defining ‘R_NO_REMAP_RMATH’ and calling ‘Rf_*()’ as has been documented in ‘Writing R Extensions’ for a while, fixing PR#18800 thanks to Mikael Jagan and Suharto Anggono.
‘R_GetCurrentSrcref(skip)’ now skips calls rather than ‘srcref’s, consistent with counting items in the ‘traceback()’ display. If ‘skip == NA_INTEGER’, it searches for the first ‘srcref’, starting at the current evaluation state and proceeding through the call stack; otherwise, it returns the ‘srcref’ of the requested entry from the call stack.
‘R CMD INSTALL’ (and hence ‘check’) now compile C++ code with ‘-DR_NO_REMAP’.
‘Writing R Extensions’ has been revised to describe the remapped entry points, for with the ‘Rf_’ prefix remains optional when used from C code (but is recommended for new C code).
‘R CMD check --as-cran’ notes bad parts in the ‘DESCRIPTION’ file's URL fields.
‘R CMD check’ now reports more warnings on long-deprecated/obsolete Fortran features reported by ‘gfortran -Wall’. For hints on how to modernize these, see <https://fortranwiki.org/fortran/show/Modernizing+Old+Fortran>.
Since almost all supported R versions now use UTF-8, ‘R CMD check’ no longer by default reports on marked UTF-8 or Latin-1 strings in character data. Set environment variable ‘_R_CHECK_PACKAGE_DATASETS_SUPPRESS_NOTES_’ to a false value for the previous behaviour.
‘tools::checkDocFiles()’ notes more cases of usage documentation without corresponding \alias.
‘R CMD check’ with a true value for environment variable ‘_R_CHECK_BASHISMS_’ checks more thoroughly, including for ‘bash’ scripts and bashisms in components of ‘autoconf’-generated ‘configure’ scripts.
‘R CMD check’ gains option ‘--run-demo’ to check demo scripts analogously to tests.
‘R CMD build’ now supports ‘--compression=zstd’ on platforms with sufficient support for ‘zstd’.
‘tools::texi2pdf(..., texinputs=<paths>)’ now _pre_pends the specified <paths> to ‘TEXINPUTS’. When building R itself (‘doc/NEWS.pdf’ and base vignettes) or package manuals using ‘R CMD Rd2pdf’, it is ensured that this R's ‘Rd.sty’ takes precedence over any other (incompatible) versions in default “texmf trees”.
‘tools::Rd2latex()’ no longer outputs an ‘\inputencoding{utf8}’ line by default; such a declaration is obsolete since LaTeX 2018-04-01.
‘update_pkg_po()’ now copies ‘.mo’ files to the ‘translation’ package even if a ‘DESCRIPTION’ file exists, thanks to Michael Chirico fixing PR#18694.
Auto-generated ‘citation()’ entries no longer include (additional) URLs in the ‘note’ field (PR#18547).
‘as.data.frame.list()’ gets a new option ‘new.names’ and now preserves ‘NA’ names, thus fixing the ‘format()’ method for data frames, and also bug PR#18745. Relatedly, the ‘format()’ method gets an option ‘cut.names’.
‘stem()’ formats correctly also in cases where rounding up, e.g., from 9.96 to 10 needs more digits; thanks to Ella Kaye and Kelly Bodwin, fixing PR#8934 during ‘R Dev Day’ at useR!2024.
Additionally, ‘stem(x)’ now works normally also when ‘length(x) == 1’.
‘tools’' ‘toTitleCase()’ now works better, fixing PR#18674, thanks to Shannon Pileggi, Sarah Zeller, Reiko Okamoto, and Hugo Gruson's ‘R Dev Day’ effort.
Printing matrices (typically with many rows and or columns) now also omits columns when desirable according to option ‘max.print’, or argument ‘max’, respectively. This is primarily the work of Lorena Abad, Ekaterina Akimova, Hanne Oberman, Abhishek Ulayil, and Lionel Henry at the ‘R Dev Day’, thus fixing PR#15027.
‘Sys.setLanguage()’ now works in an ‘LC_ALL=C R’ session on some platforms, warns about _some_ failures to change the language and gets an option related to these warning messages.
Printing ‘ls.str()’ now shows ‘"<missing>"’ even when R's language setting is not English.
‘xyTable()’ now handles and reports ‘NA’s fixing PR#18654. Thanks to Heather Turner and Zhian Kamvar for report and patch.
‘as(*, "raw")’ now works as documented, thanks to Mikael Jagan's PR#18795.
Informational messages of e.g., ‘print(1:1e4, max=1000)’, now correctly mention ‘max’ in addition to ‘getOption("max.print")’.
‘rowSums(A, dims = dd)’, ‘colMeans(..)’, etc, give a more helpful error message when ‘dd’ is not of length one, thanks to Michael Chirico's PR#18811.
‘seq.Date()’ no longer explicitly coerces results from integer to double, analogously with ‘seq.default()’, ‘seq.int()’ and ‘seq.POSIXt()’, resolving a _modified_ PR#18782.
‘axisTicks(usr, ...)’ documentation clarification for ‘log = TRUE’, fixing bug PR#18821 thanks to Duncan Murdoch.
‘debug()’ and ‘debugonce(fun)’ now also accept a string ‘fun’ when it names an S4 generic, fixing PR#18822 thanks to Mikael Jagan.
‘debugonce(<S4-simple-body>, signature=*)’ now works correctly when “called twice”, fixing PR#18824 thanks to Mikael Jagan.
‘format(dtime, digits=* / format=*)’ is more consistent when the ‘POSIXt’ date-time object ‘dtime’ has fractional (non integer) seconds. Fixes PR#17350, thanks to new contributions by LatinR's ‘R Dev Day’ participants, Heather Turner and Dirk Eddelbuettel; also fixes more cases, notably when ‘format’ contains "
‘options(scipen = NULL)’ and other invalid values now signal an error instead of invalidating ops relying on a finite integer value. Values outside the range -9 .. 9999 are now warned about and set to a boundary or to the default ‘0’, e.g., in case of an ‘NA’.
‘cbind()’ could segfault with ‘NULL’ inputs. (Seen when R was built with ‘gcc-14’, LTO and C99 inlining semantics.)
Fix segfault on ‘quartz()’ from ‘grid.glyph()’ call with ‘glyphInfo()’ that describes non-existent font (PR#18784). Thanks to Tomek Gieorgijewski.
‘format()’ etc, using ‘decimal.mark = s’, by default getting ‘s <- getOption("OutDec")’, signals a warning (to become an error in the future) when ‘s’ is not a string with exactly one character.
When ‘s <- getOption("OutDec")’ is not a string of one character, a warning is signalled now whenever it is used in internal C code, notably when calling the default methods of ‘format()’.
‘pwilcox()’ and ‘qwilcox()’ now check for user interrupt less frequently.
‘summary(<stl>)’ (which prints directly) finally gets the same ‘digits’ default as the formatting printing of default ‘summary()’ method results, and it is documented explicitly.
‘options(show.error.locations = TRUE)’ once again shows the most recent known location when an error is reported. Setting its value to ‘"bottom"’ is no longer supported. Numerical values are converted to logical.
C API function ‘R_GetCurrentSrcref(skip)’ now returns ‘srcref’ entries correctly. (Note that there is also a change to the interpretation of ‘skip’; see the C-LEVEL API entry above.)
‘tools::Rd2latex()’ now removes leading and trailing spaces from \alias entries as documented, fixing indexing and linking hiccups in some PDF manuals.
‘R CMD Rd2pdf’ can now render the package manual from a ‘--latex’ installation also when the help contains figures.
The argument of ‘as.environment()’ is now named ‘x’, not ‘object’, as was always documented and shown when printing it; thanks to Gael Millot's PR#18849.
When ‘R CMD check’ aims at getting the time+date from a world clock, it is more robust against unexpected non-error results, thanks to Michael Chirico's PR#18852.
The ‘tools::parseLatex()’ parser made several parsing errors (PR#18855).
Error messages produced by ‘tools::parseLatex()’ are now more readable (PR#18855).
‘R CMD build <pkg>’ excludes more file patterns when it tars the <pkg> directory, fixing both PR#18432 and PR#18434, for ‘vim’ and ‘GNU Global’ ‘emacs’ users, thanks to Dirk Eddelbuettel's patch.
‘quantile()’'s default method gets an option ‘fuzz’ to protect against floating point inaccuracy before rounding, thus fixing PR#15811 and, en passant, PR#17683.
Printing arrays now also omits columns, rows and slices when desirable according to option ‘max.print’, or argument ‘max’, respectively, addressing most of the remaining part of PR#15027, thanks to Sherry Zhang's patch.
‘drop.terms(y ~ w, 1)’ and similar now work, thanks to Benjamin Sommer's report in PR#18861 and collaboration with Heather Turner improving ‘reformulate()’.
Many arguments which should be length-1 logical are checked more thoroughly. The most commonly seen errors are in ‘unlink(, recursive)’, ‘tempdir()’ and the ‘na.rm’ arguments of ‘max()’, ‘min()’, ‘sum()’, ....
‘grep()’, ‘strsplit()’ and similar took non-‘TRUE’/‘FALSE’ values of their logical arguments as ‘FALSE’, but these were almost always mismatches to unnamed arguments and are now reported as ‘NA’.
‘vignette("reshape")’ is now also available on Windows.
The bundled BLAS and LAPACK sources have been updated to those shipped
as part of January 2025's LAPACK 3.12.1.
It is intended that this will be the last update to BLAS and LAPACK in
the R sources. Those building R from source are encouraged to use
external BLAS and LAPACK and this will be required in future.
This update was mainly bug fixes but contained a barely documented
major change. The set of BLAS routines has been unchanged since 1988,
so throughout R's history. This update introduced new BLAS routines
‘dgemmtr’ and ‘zgemmtr’ which are now used by LAPACK routines. This
means that BLAS implementations are no longer interchangeable.
To work around this, R can be configured with option ‘--with-2025blas’
which arranges for the 2025 BLAS additions to be compiled into
‘libRlapack’ (the internal LAPACK, not built if an external LAPACK is
used).
This option allows the continuation of the practice of swapping the BLAS in use by symlinking ‘lib/libRblas.*’. It has the disadvantage of using the reference BLAS version of the 2025 routines whereas an enhanced BLAS might have an optimized version (OpenBLAS does as from version 0.3.29).
Windows builds currently use the internal LAPACK and by default the
internal BLAS: notes on how to swap the latter _via_ ‘Rblas.dll’ are in
file ‘src/extra/blas/Makefile.win’.
A C23 compiler (if available) is now selected by default for
compilation of R and packages. R builds can opt out _via_ the
‘configure’ flag ‘--without-C23’, unless the specified or default
(usually ‘gcc’) compiler defaults to C23: ‘gcc’ 15 does.
A C23 compiler is known to be selected with ‘gcc’ 13-15 (as used on Windows), LLVM ‘clang’ 18-20 (and 15 should), Apple ‘clang’ 15-16 and Intel 2024.2 (and 2022.2 should).
Current binary distributions on macOS use Apple ‘clang’ 14 and so do not use C23.
The minimum ‘autoconf’ requirement for a maintainer build has been
increased to ‘autoconf’ 2.72.
Building the HTML and Info versions of the R manuals now requires
‘texi2any’ from Texinfo 6.1 or later.
Failures in building the manuals under ‘doc’ now abort the
installation, removing any file which caused the failure.
Control of symbol visibility is now supported on macOS (the previous
check only worked on ELF platforms).
There is now support for installing the debug symbols for recommended
packages on macOS: see ‘REC_INSTALL_OPT’ in file ‘config.site’.
‘configure’ is now able to find an external ‘libintl’ on macOS (the
code from an older GNU gettext distribution failed to try linking with
the macOS Core Foundation framework).
‘is.R()’ is defunct. Environment variable ‘_R_DEPRECATED_IS_R_’ no
longer has any effect.
Deprecated (for more than 9 years!) functions ‘linearizeMlist’,
‘listFromMlist’, and ‘showMlist’ and the ‘"MethodsList"’ class for S4
method handling were removed from package ‘methods’. Deprecated
functions ‘balanceMethodsList’, ‘emptyMethodsList’,
‘inheritedSubMethodLists’, ‘insertMethod’, ‘insertMethodInEmptyList’,
‘makeMethodsList’, ‘mergeMethods’, ‘MethodsList’, ‘MethodsListSelect’,
and ‘SignatureMethod’ were made defunct, as were the ‘"MethodsList"’
branches of functions ‘assignMethodsMetaData’, ‘finalDefaultMethod’,
and ‘MethodAddCoerce’.
‘getMethods(*, table = TRUE)’ is deprecated.
Building with the bundled (and old) version of ‘libintl’ is deprecated
and now gives a ‘configure’ warning. This should be selected only if
neither the OS's ‘libc’ (as on GNU Linux) nor an external ‘libintl’
library (as on Alpine Linux) provide suitable functions.
Instead install ‘libintl’ from a recent version of GNU gettext or use ‘configure’ option ‘--disable-nls’.
The deprecated ‘xfig()’ graphics device has been removed.
The ‘Writing R Extensions’ Texinfo source now contains very
experimental annotations for more clearly identifying the API status of
C entry points. These annotations are used to produce indices for API,
experimental API, and embedded API entry points in the rendered
versions. This is very preliminary and may be dropped if a better
approach emerges.
Also now for Fortran-callable entry points which are part of the API.
‘Writing R Extensions’ has a new section ‘Moving into C API compliance’
to help package authors move away from using non-API endpoints. This
section will continue to be updated as work on clarifying and
tightening the C API continues.
New API function ‘R_mkClosure’. This checks that its arguments are
valid and should be used instead of ‘allocSExp(CLOSXP’ followed by
‘SET_FORMALS’, ‘SET_BODY’, and ‘SET_CLOENV’.
New API functions ‘R_ClosureFormals’, ‘R_ClosureBody’, and
‘R_ClosureEnv’ for extracting closure components. The existing
functions ‘R_ClosureExpr’ and ‘R_BytecodeExpr’ have also been added to
the API.
New API function ‘R_ParentEnv’ corresponding to R's ‘parent.env()’.
Further non-API entry points have been added to those reported by ‘R
CMD check’: ‘COMPLEX0’, ‘ddfind’, ‘DDVAL’, ‘ENSURE_NAMEDMAX’,
‘ENVFLAGS’, ‘FRAME’, ‘HASHTAB’, ‘INTERNAL’, ‘IS_ASCII’, ‘IS_UTF8’,
‘LEVELS’, ‘NAMED’, ‘PRSEEN’, ‘RDEBUG’, ‘REAL0’, ‘Rf_findVarInFrame3’,
‘SET_BODY’, ‘SET_CLOENV’, ‘SET_FORMALS’, ‘SET_PRSEEN’, ‘SET_RDEBUG’,
‘STRING_PTR’, ‘SYMVALUE’, and ‘VECTOR_PTR’. Any declarations for these
in public header files will be removed in the near future, and they
will be hidden where possible.
Some ‘R CMD check’ ‘NOTE’s on the use of non-API entry points have been
upgraded to ‘WARNING’s in preparation for removing declarations and,
where possible, hiding these entry points.
Additional non-API entry points have been added to those reported by ‘R
CMD check’: ‘IS_LONG_VEC’, ‘PRCODE’, ‘PRENV’, ‘PRVALUE’, ‘R_nchar’,
‘Rf_NonNullStringMatch’, ‘R_shallow_duplicate_attr’, ‘Rf_StringBlank’,
‘SET_TYPEOF’, ‘TRUELENGTH’, ‘XLENGTH_EX’, and ‘XTRUELENGTH’.
Enable defining ‘R_NO_REMAP_RMATH’ and calling ‘Rf_*()’ as has been
documented in ‘Writing R Extensions’ for a while, fixing PR#18800
thanks to Mikael Jagan and Suharto Anggono.
‘R_GetCurrentSrcref(skip)’ now skips calls rather than ‘srcref’s,
consistent with counting items in the ‘traceback()’ display. If ‘skip
== NA_INTEGER’, it searches for the first ‘srcref’, starting at the
current evaluation state and proceeding through the call stack;
otherwise, it returns the ‘srcref’ of the requested entry from the call
stack.
‘R CMD INSTALL’ (and hence ‘check’) now compile C++ code with
‘-DR_NO_REMAP’.
‘Writing R Extensions’ has been revised to describe the remapped entry points, for with the ‘Rf_’ prefix remains optional when used from C code (but is recommended for new C code).
‘R CMD check --as-cran’ notes bad parts in the ‘DESCRIPTION’ file's URL
fields.
‘R CMD check’ now reports more warnings on long-deprecated/obsolete
Fortran features reported by ‘gfortran -Wall’. For hints on how to
modernize these, see
<https://fortranwiki.org/fortran/show/Modernizing+Old+Fortran>.
Since almost all supported R versions now use UTF-8, ‘R CMD check’ no
longer by default reports on marked UTF-8 or Latin-1 strings in
character data. Set environment variable
‘_R_CHECK_PACKAGE_DATASETS_SUPPRESS_NOTES_’ to a false value for the
previous behaviour.
‘tools::checkDocFiles()’ notes more cases of usage documentation
without corresponding \alias.
‘R CMD check’ with a true value for environment variable
‘_R_CHECK_BASHISMS_’ checks more thoroughly, including for ‘bash’
scripts and bashisms in components of ‘autoconf’-generated ‘configure’
scripts.
‘R CMD check’ gains option ‘--run-demo’ to check demo scripts
analogously to tests.
‘R CMD build’ now supports ‘--compression=zstd’ on platforms with
sufficient support for ‘zstd’.
‘tools::texi2pdf(..., texinputs=<paths>)’ now _pre_pends the specified
<paths> to ‘TEXINPUTS’. When building R itself (‘doc/NEWS.pdf’ and
base vignettes) or package manuals using ‘R CMD Rd2pdf’, it is ensured
that this R's ‘Rd.sty’ takes precedence over any other (incompatible)
versions in default “texmf trees”.
‘tools::Rd2latex()’ no longer outputs an ‘\inputencoding{utf8}’ line by
default; such a declaration is obsolete since LaTeX 2018-04-01.
‘update_pkg_po()’ now copies ‘.mo’ files to the ‘translation’ package
even if a ‘DESCRIPTION’ file exists, thanks to Michael Chirico fixing
PR#18694.
Auto-generated ‘citation()’ entries no longer include (additional) URLs
in the ‘note’ field (PR#18547).
‘as.data.frame.list()’ gets a new option ‘new.names’ and now preserves
‘NA’ names, thus fixing the ‘format()’ method for data frames, and also
bug PR#18745. Relatedly, the ‘format()’ method gets an option
‘cut.names’.
‘stem()’ formats correctly also in cases where rounding up, e.g., from
9.96 to 10 needs more digits; thanks to Ella Kaye and Kelly Bodwin,
fixing PR#8934 during ‘R Dev Day’ at useR!2024.
Additionally, ‘stem(x)’ now works normally also when ‘length(x) == 1’.
‘tools’' ‘toTitleCase()’ now works better, fixing PR#18674, thanks to
Shannon Pileggi, Sarah Zeller, Reiko Okamoto, and Hugo Gruson's ‘R Dev
Day’ effort.
Printing matrices (typically with many rows and or columns) now also
omits columns when desirable according to option ‘max.print’, or
argument ‘max’, respectively. This is primarily the work of Lorena
Abad, Ekaterina Akimova, Hanne Oberman, Abhishek Ulayil, and Lionel
Henry at the ‘R Dev Day’, thus fixing PR#15027.
‘Sys.setLanguage()’ now works in an ‘LC_ALL=C R’ session on some
platforms, warns about _some_ failures to change the language and gets
an option related to these warning messages.
Printing ‘ls.str()’ now shows ‘"<missing>"’ even when R's language
setting is not English.
‘xyTable()’ now handles and reports ‘NA’s fixing PR#18654. Thanks to
Heather Turner and Zhian Kamvar for report and patch.
‘as(*, "raw")’ now works as documented, thanks to Mikael Jagan's
PR#18795.
Informational messages of e.g., ‘print(1:1e4, max=1000)’, now correctly
mention ‘max’ in addition to ‘getOption("max.print")’.
‘rowSums(A, dims = dd)’, ‘colMeans(..)’, etc, give a more helpful error
message when ‘dd’ is not of length one, thanks to Michael Chirico's
PR#18811.
‘seq.Date()’ no longer explicitly coerces results from integer to
double, analogously with ‘seq.default()’, ‘seq.int()’ and
‘seq.POSIXt()’, resolving a _modified_ PR#18782.
‘axisTicks(usr, ...)’ documentation clarification for ‘log = TRUE’,
fixing bug PR#18821 thanks to Duncan Murdoch.
‘debug()’ and ‘debugonce(fun)’ now also accept a string ‘fun’ when it
names an S4 generic, fixing PR#18822 thanks to Mikael Jagan.
‘debugonce(<S4-simple-body>, signature=*)’ now works correctly when
“called twice”, fixing PR#18824 thanks to Mikael Jagan.
‘format(dtime, digits=* / format=*)’ is more consistent when the
‘POSIXt’ date-time object ‘dtime’ has fractional (non integer) seconds.
Fixes PR#17350, thanks to new contributions by LatinR's ‘R Dev Day’
participants, Heather Turner and Dirk Eddelbuettel; also fixes more
cases, notably when ‘format’ contains "
‘options(scipen = NULL)’ and other invalid values now signal an error
instead of invalidating ops relying on a finite integer value. Values
outside the range -9 .. 9999 are now warned about and set to a boundary
or to the default ‘0’, e.g., in case of an ‘NA’.
‘cbind()’ could segfault with ‘NULL’ inputs. (Seen when R was built
with ‘gcc-14’, LTO and C99 inlining semantics.)
Fix segfault on ‘quartz()’ from ‘grid.glyph()’ call with ‘glyphInfo()’
that describes non-existent font (PR#18784). Thanks to Tomek
Gieorgijewski.
‘format()’ etc, using ‘decimal.mark = s’, by default getting ‘s <-
getOption("OutDec")’, signals a warning (to become an error in the
future) when ‘s’ is not a string with exactly one character.
When ‘s <- getOption("OutDec")’ is not a string of one character, a
warning is signalled now whenever it is used in internal C code,
notably when calling the default methods of ‘format()’.
‘pwilcox()’ and ‘qwilcox()’ now check for user interrupt less
frequently.
‘summary(<stl>)’ (which prints directly) finally gets the same ‘digits’
default as the formatting printing of default ‘summary()’ method
results, and it is documented explicitly.
‘options(show.error.locations = TRUE)’ once again shows the most recent
known location when an error is reported. Setting its value to
‘"bottom"’ is no longer supported. Numerical values are converted to
logical.
C API function ‘R_GetCurrentSrcref(skip)’ now returns ‘srcref’ entries
correctly. (Note that there is also a change to the interpretation of
‘skip’; see the C-LEVEL API entry above.)
‘tools::Rd2latex()’ now removes leading and trailing spaces from \alias
entries as documented, fixing indexing and linking hiccups in some PDF
manuals.
‘R CMD Rd2pdf’ can now render the package manual from a ‘--latex’
installation also when the help contains figures.
The argument of ‘as.environment()’ is now named ‘x’, not ‘object’, as
was always documented and shown when printing it; thanks to Gael
Millot's PR#18849.
When ‘R CMD check’ aims at getting the time+date from a world clock, it
is more robust against unexpected non-error results, thanks to Michael
Chirico's PR#18852.
The ‘tools::parseLatex()’ parser made several parsing errors
(PR#18855).
Error messages produced by ‘tools::parseLatex()’ are now more readable
(PR#18855).
‘R CMD build <pkg>’ excludes more file patterns when it tars the <pkg>
directory, fixing both PR#18432 and PR#18434, for ‘vim’ and ‘GNU
Global’ ‘emacs’ users, thanks to Dirk Eddelbuettel's patch.
‘quantile()’'s default method gets an option ‘fuzz’ to protect against
floating point inaccuracy before rounding, thus fixing PR#15811 and, en
passant, PR#17683.
Printing arrays now also omits columns, rows and slices when desirable
according to option ‘max.print’, or argument ‘max’, respectively,
addressing most of the remaining part of PR#15027, thanks to Sherry
Zhang's patch.
‘drop.terms(y ~ w, 1)’ and similar now work, thanks to Benjamin
Sommer's report in PR#18861 and collaboration with Heather Turner
improving ‘reformulate()’.
Many arguments which should be length-1 logical are checked more
thoroughly. The most commonly seen errors are in ‘unlink(,
recursive)’, ‘tempdir()’ and the ‘na.rm’ arguments of ‘max()’, ‘min()’,
‘sum()’, ....
‘grep()’, ‘strsplit()’ and similar took non-‘TRUE’/‘FALSE’ values of their logical arguments as ‘FALSE’, but these were almost always mismatches to unnamed arguments and are now reported as ‘NA’.
‘vignette("reshape")’ is now also available on Windows.
.
‘as.integer(rl)’ and hence ‘as.raw(rl)’ now work for a ‘list’ of
‘raw(1)’ elements, as proposed by Michael Chirico's PR#18696.
‘graphics’' ‘grid()’ gains optional argument ‘nintLog’.
New functions ‘check_package_urls()’ and ‘check_package_dois()’ in
package ‘tools’ for checking URLs and DOIs in package sources.
New ‘head()’ and ‘tail()’ methods for class ‘"ts"’ time series,
proposed by Spencer Graves on R-devel.
New ‘qr.influence()’ function, a “bare bones” interface to the
‘lm.influence()’ leave-one-out diagnostics computations; wished for in
PR#18739.
Package ‘citation()’ results auto-generated from the package metadata
now also provide package DOIs for CRAN and Bioconductor packages.
New function ‘grepv()’ identical to ‘grep()’ except for the default
‘value = TRUE’.
‘methods(<pkg>:::<genfun>)’ now does report methods when neither the
generic nor the methods have been exported.
‘pdf()’ gains an ‘author’ argument to set the corresponding metadata
field, and logical arguments ‘timestamp’ and ‘producer’ to optionally
omit the respective metadata. (Thanks to Edzer Pebesma.)
‘grDevices::glyphInfo()’ gains a ‘rot’ argument to allow per-glyph
rotation. (Thanks to Daniel Sabanes Bove.)
Package ‘tools’ now exports functions ‘CRAN_current_db()’,
‘CRAN_aliases_db()’, ‘CRAN_rdxrefs_db()’, ‘CRAN_archive_db()’, and
‘CRAN_authors_db()’.
Package ‘tools’ now exports functions ‘R()’ and
‘parse_URI_reference()’.
Package ‘tools’ now exports functions ‘base_aliases_db()’ and
‘base_rdxrefs_db()’.
It is now possible to set the background color for row and column names
in the data editor on Windows (‘Rgui’).
‘Rterm’ on Windows now accepts input lines of unlimited length.
‘file.info()’ on Windows now provides file owner name and domain.
‘Sys.info()’ on Windows now provides current user domain.
‘findInterval()’ gets new arguments ‘checkSorted’ and ‘checkNA’ which
allow skipping relatively costly checks; related to PR#16567.
‘pnorm(x)’ underflows more gracefully.
‘get(nam, env)’ now signals a _classed_ error, ‘"getMissingError"’, as
“subclass” of ‘"missingArgError"’ where the latter is used also in
similar situations, e.g., ‘f <- function(x) exp(x); try(f())’ .
The set operations now avoid the ‘as.vector()’ transformation for
same-kind apparently vector-like operands.
‘md5sum()’ can be used to compute an MD5 hash of a raw vector of bytes
by using the ‘bytes=’ argument instead of ‘files=’. The two arguments
are mutually exclusive.
Added function ‘sha256sum()’ in package ‘tools’ analogous to ‘md5sum()’
implementing the SHA-256 hashing algorithm.
The ‘xtfrm()’ method for class ‘"AsIs"’ is now considerably faster
thanks to a patch provided by Ivan Krylov.
The ‘merge()’ method for data frames will no longer convert row names
used for indexing using ‘I()’, which will lead to faster execution in
cases where ‘sort = TRUE’ and ‘all.x’ and/or ‘all.y’ are set to ‘TRUE’.
The ‘methods’ package internal function ‘.requirePackage()’ now calls
‘requireNamespace(p)’ instead of ‘require(p)’, hence no longer adding
packages to the ‘search()’ path in cases methods or class definitions
are needed. Consequently, previous workflows relying on the old
behaviour will have to be amended by adding corresponding ‘library(p)’
calls.
More R-level messages use a common format containing ‘"character
string"’ for more consistency and less translation work.
‘available.packages()’ and ‘install.packages()’ get an optional switch
‘cache_user_dir’, somewhat experimentally.
The ‘sunspot.month’ data have been updated to Oct 2024; because of
recalibration also historical numbers are changed, and we keep the
previous data as ‘sunspot.m2014’ for reproducibility.
The ‘quartz()’ device now supports alpha masks. Thanks to George
Stagg, Gwynn Gebeyhu, Heather Turner, and Tomek Gieorgijewski.
The ‘print()’ method for date-time objects (‘POSIX.t’) gets an optional
‘digits’ argument for _fractional_ seconds, passed to improved
‘format.POSIXlt()’; consequently, ‘print(<date.time>, digits = n)’
allows to print fractions of seconds.
‘install.packages()’ and ‘download.packages()’ download packages
simultaneously using ‘libcurl’, significantly reducing download times
when installing or downloading multiple packages.
Status reporting in ‘download.file()’ has been extended to report the
outcome for individual files in simultaneous downloads.
The Rd \link macro now allows markup in the link text when the topic is
given by the optional argument, e.g., ‘\link[=gamma]{\eqn{\Gamma(x)}}’.
If ‘La_library()’ is empty, ‘sessionInfo()’ still reports
‘La_version()’ when available.
‘seq.int(from, to, by, ....)’ when |by| = 1 now behaves as if ‘by’ was
omitted, and hence returns ‘from:to’, possibly integer.
‘seq.Date(from, to, by, ....)’ and ‘seq.POSIXt(..)’ now also work when
‘from’ is missing and sufficient further arguments are provided, thanks
to Michael Chirico's report, patch proposal in PR#17672 and ‘R Dev Day’
contributions.
The ‘Date’ method also works for ‘seq(from, to)’, when ‘by’ is missing and now defaults to ‘"1 days"’.
It is now documented (and tested) that the ‘by’ string may be _abbreviated_ in both ‘seq’ methods.
Both methods return or keep internal type ‘"integer"’ more consistently now. Also, ‘as.POSIXct({})’ is internally integer.
‘duplicated()’, ‘unique()’, and ‘anyDuplicated()’ now also work for
class ‘expression’ vectors.
New function ‘use()’ to use packages in R scripts with full control
over what gets added to the search path. (Actually already available
since R 4.4.0.)
There is some support for ‘zstd’ compression of tarballs in ‘tar()’ and
‘untar()’. (This depends on OS support of ‘libzstd’ or by ‘tar’.)
‘print(summary(<numbers>))’ gets new optional argument ‘zdigits’ to
allow more flexible and consistent (double) rounding. The current
default ‘zdigits = 4L’ is somewhat experimental. Specifying both
‘digits = *, zdigits = *’ allows behaviour independent of the global
‘digits’ option.
The ‘format()’ method for ‘"difftime"’ objects gets a new back
compatible option ‘with.units’.
A ‘summary()’ method for ‘"difftime"’ objects which prints nicely,
similar to those for ‘"Date"’ and ‘"POSIXct"’.
‘unique()’'s default method now also deals with ‘"difftime"’ objects.
‘optimize(f, *)’ when ‘f(x)’ is not finite says more about the value in
its ‘warning’ message. It no longer replaces ‘-Inf’ by the largest
_positive_ finite number.
The documentation of ‘gamma()’ and ‘is.numeric()’ is more specific,
thanks to the contributors of PR#18677.
New dataset ‘gait’ thanks to Heather Turner and Ella Kaye, used in
examples.
New datasets ‘penguins’ and ‘penguins_raw’ thanks to Ella Kaye, Heather
Turner, and Kristen Gorman.
.
.
Packages are now installed using C23 where supported by the OS and R
build.
Packages using R's compiler settings can ask *not* to use C23 _via_ including ‘USE_C17’ in ‘SystemRequirements’ or can be installed by ‘R CMD INSTALL --use-C17’. (Some packages ignore these settings in their ‘configure’ script or when compiling in sub-directories of ‘src’, as will those using a ‘src/Makefile’.)
Source installs now report the package version in the log.
There is preliminary support for C++26 with GCC >= 14, Apple ‘clang++’
>= 16 and LLVM ‘clang++’ >= 17.
.
The non-API and hidden entry points ‘Rf_setIVector’, ‘Rf_setRVector’
and ‘Rf_setSVector’ have been removed.
The internal code for changing the parent of an environment now signals
an error if the new parent is not an environment or if the change would
create a cycle in the parent chain.
‘SET_TYPEOF’ now signals an error unless the old and new types have
compatible memory structure and content. Use of ‘SET_TYPE’ in package C
code should be avoided and may be deprecated in the near future. It is
better to allocate an object of the desired type in the first place.
The set of LAPACK (double and complex) routines declared in the headers
‘R_ext/Lapack.h’ and ‘R_ext/Applic.h’ has been extended, mostly to
routines actually in use by packages.
Memory allocation messages now use the (non-SI notation) ‘"Mb"’, ‘"Gb"’
, ..., and ‘"Mbytes"’ strings as _arguments_ instead of as part of the
(translatable format) string. This is one step for PR#18297; from
Henrik Bengtsson.
Header ‘R_ext/Constants.h’ (included by ‘R.h’) now always includes
header ‘float.h’ or ‘cfloat’ for constants such as ‘DBL_MAX’.
Strict R headers are now the default. This removes the legacy
definitions of ‘PI’, ‘Calloc’, ‘Realloc’ and ‘Free’: use ‘M_PI’,
‘R_Calloc’, ‘R_Realloc’ or ‘R_Free’ instead.
The deprecated and seemingly never-used S-compatibility macros
‘F77_COM’ and ‘F77_COMDECL’ have been removed from header ‘R_ext/RS.h’.
The ‘enum’ ‘Rboolean’ defined in header ‘R_ext/Boolean.h’ now has a
fixed underlying type of ‘int’ on platforms whose C compiler supports
this.
This is a C23 feature (taken from C++11) and also supported in all C standards by some versions of ‘clang’ (from LLVM and Apple) and (with a warning when using ‘-pedantic’) by GCC when in C17 mode.
A fair amount of code has assumed this: it may be changed to a smaller type in future. In particular, as standard compilers do not check the validity of assignment to an ‘enum’, it has been possible to assign ‘NA_INTEGER’ to an ‘Rboolean’ variable, coerce it to ‘int’ and recover the value.
If there were a platform which used an underlying type of a different size this would be an ABI-breaking change (but we are unaware of any such platform).
Header ‘R_ext/Boolean.h’ now ensures that a ‘bool’ type is available
either as a keyword (C23 and C++) or by including the C99 header
‘stdbool.h’. This is being used internally in R to replace ‘Rboolean’
by ‘bool’.
There are a new functions ‘asRboolean’ and ‘asBool’, variants of
‘asLogical’ more suited to converting logical arguments to ‘Rboolean’
or to ‘bool’. They require a length-one input and throw an error if
that evaluates to ‘NA’.
Header ‘R_exts/Error.h’ now ensures that ‘Rf_error’ and similar are
given a ‘noreturn’ attribute when used from C++ under all compilers.
Header ‘R_exts/Utils.h’ no longer contains a declaration for
‘77_SUB(interv)’. This is intended to be called from Fortran and was
wrongly declared: ‘LOGICAL’ in Fortran corresponds to ‘int *’ not
‘Rboolean *’.
.