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A general description is here.
Where characters are attempted to be plotted by ‘pdf()’ and ‘postscript()’ which are not in the selected 8-bit character set (most often Latin-1) and the R session is using a UTF-8 locale, the warning messages will show the UTF-8 character rather than its bytes and one dot will be substituted per character rather than per byte. (Platforms whose ‘iconv()’ does transliteration silently plot the transliteration.)
The matrix multiplication functions ‘crossprod()’ and ‘tcrossprod()’ are now also primitive and S3 generic, as ‘%*%’ had become in R 4.3.0.
Where characters are attempted to be plotted by ‘pdf()’ and
‘postscript()’ which are not in the selected 8-bit character set (most
often Latin-1) and the R session is using a UTF-8 locale, the warning
messages will show the UTF-8 character rather than its bytes and one
dot will be substituted per character rather than per byte. (Platforms
whose ‘iconv()’ does transliteration silently plot the
transliteration.)